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Actual And Formal Arguments In C++

Actual And Formal Arguments

The arguments may be classified under two groups, actual and formal arguments.

 

Fig: Actual and Formal Arguments in c++

(a)          Actual arguments  

An actual argument is a variable or an expression contained in a function call that replaces the formal parameter which is a part of the function declaration.

      Sometimes, a function may be called by a portion of a program with some parameters and these parameters are known as the actual arguments.

 

For example

  #include <iostream.h>

           void main ()

           {

                 int x,y;

                 void output (int x, int y) ; / / function declaration 

output (x,y) ; / / x and y are the actual arguments

           }

 

(b)          Formal arguments  

Formal arguments are the parameters presents in a function definition which may also be called as dummy arguments or the parametric variables. When the function is invoked, the formal parameters are replaced by the actual parameters.

 

     For example

          #include <iostream.h>

         void main ()

           {

                 int x,y;

                 void output (int x, int y) ;

                output (x,y) ;

           }

           void output (int a, int b)  / / formal or dummy arguments

           {

                   / /body of the function

           }