Basic Computer Organization | Organization Of Computer Basic | Basic Computer Organization Notes | Basic Computer Organization In Hindi

 

Basic Computer Organization

Even though the size, shape, performance, reliability, and cost of computer have been changing over the year, the basic logic structure (based on the stored program concept), as proposed by von Neumann, has not changed.

No matter what shape and size of computer we are taking about all computer system perform the following five basic operations, for converting row input data into information.

1.   Inputting- The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system.

2.   Storing- Saving data and instruction to make them readily available for initial or additional processing, as and when required.

3.   Processing- Performance arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, division, etc), or logical operation (comparisons like equal  to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data, to convert into useful information.

4.   Outputting- the process of producing useful information or results for the user, such as printed report or visual display.

5.   Controlling- Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above operation are performed.

These five units correspond to the five basic operations, performed by computer system.

Fig: Basic Computer Organization

The function of each of these units are described below:-

Input Unit

Data and instruction must be enter the computer system, before any computation can be performed on the supplied data.

The following function are performed by an input unit:

1.    It accepts (or read) the instruction and data form the outside world.

2.    It converts these instruction and data into computer acceptable form.

3.  It supplies the converted information and data to the computer system for the further processing.

Output Unit

It links the computer with the external environment. As computers work with binary code, the result produced are also in the binary form, before supplying the result to the outside word, they must be converted to human acceptable (readable) form. this task is accomplished by unit called output interface.

Storage Unit

The data and instruction which entered into the computer system through input units, have to be stored inside the computer, before the actual processing start.

The storage unit of all computers is comprised of the following two types of storage:-

     1.    Primary storage
2.    Secondary storage

Arithmetic Logic Unit

The arithmetic logic unit of a computer system in the place, where the actual execution of the instruction take place, during the processing operation.

Control Unit

The input device know that it is time for it to feed data into the storage unit?  How does the ALU know what should be done with the data once they are received? How it is that only the final result are sent to the output device.

Central Processing Unit

The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit. The CPU is the brain of computer system.