decision makking in java | java decision tree

Decision Making in Java

 

Decision Making in programming is similar to decision making in real life. In programming also we face some situations where we want a certain block of code to be executed when some condition is fulfilled.
A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution of program based on certain conditions. These  are used to cause the flow of execution to advance and branch based on changes to the state of a program.
Java’s Selection statements:

·         if

·         if-else

·         nested-if

·         if-else-if

·         switch-case

·         jump – break, continue, return

These statements allow you to control the flow of your program’s execution based upon conditions known only during run time.

·         if: if statement is the most simple decision making statement. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not i.e if a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise not.

·         Syntax:

·         if(condition)

·         {

·            // Statements to execute if

·            // condition is true

 

java decision tree

Example

// Java program to illustrate If statement class IfDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         int i = 10;            if (i > 15)         System.out.println("I am Not in if");     } }

Output

I am Not in if

·       If-else- The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But what if we want to do something else if the condition is false. Here comes the else statement. We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when the condition is false. Syntax:   if (condition) {     // Executes this block if     // condition is true } else {     // Executes this block if     // condition is false }   java decision structure Example // Java program to illustrate if-else statement class IfElseDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         int i = 10;            if (i < 15)             System.out.println("i is smaller than 15");         else             System.out.println("i is greater than 15");     } } Output I small than 15 ·      Nested if- A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else. Nested if statements means an if statement inside an if statement. Yes, java allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e, we can place an if statement inside another if statement. Syntax: if (condition1) {    // Executes when condition1 is true    if (condition2)    {       // Executes when condition2 is true    } } java decision tree // Java program to illustrate nested-if statement class NestedIfDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         int i = 10;            if (i == 10)        {             if (i < 15)                 System.out.println("i is smaller than 15");                           if (i < 12)                 System.out.println("i is smaller than 12 too");             else                 System.out.println("i is greater than 15");         }     } } Output i  is smaller than 15 i is smaller than 12 too ·      If-else-if ladder- a user can decide among multiple options.The if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed. Syntax if (condition)     statement; else if (condition)     statement; . . else     statement; java decision Example // Java program to illustrate if-else-if ladder class Demo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         int i = 20;            if (i == 10)             System.out.println("i is 10");         else if (i == 15)             System.out.println("i is 15");         else if (i == 20)             System.out.println("i is 20");         else             System.out.println("i is not present");     } } Output i is 20 ·       Switch-case- The switch statement is a multiway branch statement. It provides an easy way to dispatch execution to different parts of code based on the value of the expression. Syntax: switch (expression) {   case value1:     statement1;     break;   case value2:     statement2;     break;   .   .   case valueN:     statementN;     break;   default:     statementDefault; } ·         Dulplicate case values are not allowed. ·         The default statement is optional. ·         The break statement is used inside the switch to terminate a statement sequence. ·         The break statement is optional. If omitted, execution will continue on into the next case. java decision tree Example // Java program to illustrate switch-case class SwitchCaseDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         int i = 9;         switch (i)         {         case 0:             System.out.println("i is zero.");             break;         case 1:             System.out.println("i is one.");             break;         case 2:             System.out.println("i is two.");             break;         default:             System.out.println("i is greater than 2.");         }     } } Output i is greater than 2 ·       Jump- Java supports three jump statement: break, continue and return. These three statements transfer control to other part of the program. 1.    Break: In Java, break is majorly used for: ·         Terminate a sequence in a switch statement (discussed above). ·         To exit a loop. ·         Used as a “civilized” form of goto. Using break to exit a Loop Using break, we can force immediate termination of a loop, bypassing the conditional expression and any remaining code in the body of the loop. Note: Break, when used inside a set of nested loops, will only break out of the innermost loop.   java tree Example: // Java program to illustrate using // break to exit a loop class BreakLoopDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)         {             if (i == 5)                 break;                System.out.println("i: " + i);         }         System.out.println("Loop complete.");     } } Output: i:0 i:1 i:2 i:3 i:4 Loop compelete Continue: Sometimes it is useful to force an early iteration of a loop. That is, you might want to continue running the loop but stop processing the remainder of the code in its body for this particular iteration. This is, in effect, a goto just past the body of the loop, to the loop’s end. The continue statement performs such an action.   java decision makking tree Example: // Java program to illustrate using // continue in an if statement class ContinueDemo {     public static void main(String args[])     {         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)         {             // If the number is even             // skip and continue             if (i%2 == 0)                 continue;                // If number is odd, print it             System.out.print(i + " ");         }     } } Output: 1 3 5 7 9 1.    Return:The return statement is used to explicitly return from a method. That is, it causes a program control to transfer back to the caller of the method. Example: // Java program to illustrate using return class Return {     public static void main(String args[])     {         boolean t = true;         System.out.println("Before the return.");                if (t)             return;            // Compiler will bypass every statement          // after return         System.out.println("This won't execute.");     } } Output: Before the Return