Conditional Statement In C++
A
conditional statement is used in programming language to control the
flow of the program. They are nothing but a keyword or statements that are used
in a program to transfer the flow of control to another statement based on the
conditions. Based on the given condition, it evaluates the result and executes
the corresponding statements.
Conditional
statements in programming languages decides the direction of flow of program
execution. Decision making statements available in C++ are:
1 .
If statement
2.
If else statement
3.
If elseif statement
4.
Nested if statement
5.
Switch statement
 |
Fig: Conditional Statement In C++ |
1. If statement
if statement is a conditional statement. It is used to decide
whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not i.e
if a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise
not.
Syntax:
if(condition)
{
statement;
}
Flow Chart:
 |
Fig: if statement in c++ |
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a=10;
if(a>15)
{
cout<<”the number
you enter is 10”;
}
cout<<”the number
you enter is greater than”;
getch();
}
Output:
The number you enter is
10
2. If else statement
The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But what if we want to do something else if the condition is false. We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when the condition is false.
Syntax:
If(condition)
{
//statement;
}
else
{
//statement;
}
Flow Chart:
 |
Fig: if else statement in c++ |
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
cout<<”enter a
number”;
if(a%==2)
{
cout<<”the number
enter is even”;
}
cout<<”the number
enter is odd”;
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number
22
The number is even
3. If else if statement
The C++
if-else-if ladder declaration executes from multiple statements in one
condition.
Syntax:
if(condition1)
{
//statement;
}
else if(condition1)
{
//statement;
}
else if(condition2)
{
//statement;
}
else if(condition3)
{
//statement;
}
else
{
//statement;
}
Flow Chart:
 |
Fig: if else if statement in c++ |
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=30;
if(i==10)
{
cout<<”i is 10”;
}
else if(i==20)
{
Cout<<”i is 20”;
}
else if(i==25)
{
cout<<”i is 25”;
}
else
{
cout<<”i is not
presented”;
}
getch();
}
Output:
I is not presented
4. Nested statement
A nested
if in C++is an if statement that is the target of another if statement. Nested
if statements means an if statement inside another if statement.
Synatx:
if(condition)
{
if(condition)
{
//statement;
}
else
{
//statement;
}
Flow Chart:
 |
| Fig: nested statement in c++ |
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void
main()
{
int
a,b,c;
cout<<”enter
three number”;
cin>>a>>b>>c;
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
{
cout<<a;
}
else
{
cout<<c;
}
}
else
{
if(b>c)
{
cout<<b;
}
else
{
cout<<c;
}
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter
three number
99
87
67
99
5. Switch statement
Switch case statement is used when we have multiple conditions and we need to perform different action based on the condition. When we have multiple conditions and we need to execute a block of statements when a particular condition is satisfied. In such case either we can use lengthy if else if statement or switch case.
Syntax:
Switch( expression)
{
case value :
//statement;
break;
case value :
//statement;
break;
case
value :
//statement;
break;
default:
//statement;
}
Flow Chart:
 |
| Fig: switch statement in c++ |
Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void
main()
{
int
a;
cout<<”enter
any no(1 to 7)”
cin>>a;
switch(a)
{
case
1:
cout<<”Monday”;
break;
case
2:
cout<<”Tuesday”;
break;
case
3:
cout<<”Wednesday”;
break;
case
4:
cout<<”Thursday”;
break;
case
5:
cout<<”Friday”;
break;
case
6:
cout<<”Saturday”;
break;
case
7:
cout<<”Sunday”;
break;
default:
cout<<”wrong
enter”;
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter
any no(1 to 7)
6
Saturday
Hello, my name is Pramod Dwivedi. I'm a 5 year old self-employed in online business Industry.
No comments:
Post a Comment