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Structure in C

What is a structure?

A structure is a user defined data type in C. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type.

 

Fig: structure in c

                

Syntax:

  

s    struct structure_name   

{  

    data_type member1;  

    data_type member2;  

    .  

    .  

    data_type memeberN;  

};  

Example:  

    struct employee  

{   int id;  

    char name[20];  

    float salary;  

};  

Declaring structure variable

We can declare a variable for the structure so that we can access the member of the structure easily.

 There are two ways to declare structure variable:

1.By struct keyword within main() function

 2. By declaring a variable at the time of defining the structure.

1st way:

The example to declare the structure variable by struct keyword. It should be declared within the main function.

struct employee  

{   int id;  

    char name[50];  

    float salary;  

};  

Now write given code inside the main() function.

        struct employee e1, e2;  

2nd way:

Let's see another way to declare variable at the time of defining the structure.

     struct employee  

     {   int id;  

      char name[50];  

      float salary;  

     }e1,e2;  

 

Accessing members of the structure

There are two ways to access structure members:

1.    By . (member or dot operator)

2.    By -> (structure pointer operator)

1.     

Simple Program of structure

    #include<stdio.h>  

    #include <string.h>    

     struct employee      

{   int id;      

    char name[50];      

}   e1;  

     int main( )    

{    

    e1.id=101;    

    strcpy(e1.name, "pramod dwivedi

    printf( "employee 1 id : %d\n", e1.id);    

    printf( "employee 1 name : %s\n", e1.name);    

    return 0;  

}     }                             

Output:

employee 1 id : 101

employee 1 name : pramod dwivedi